A Comparative Approach
Posted at 7:26 am January 16, 2006 by Suzanne HallResearch on the giant panda has helped us to better understand the species. We have learned a lot that has helped us to formulate better management plans for the breeding season, postpartum period, and daily husbandry routines. Some of what we have learned will help to devise a better plan for reintroducing a panda into the wild, or can help conservationists to manage wild populations better. The panda species as a whole will benefit from the research questions answered by scientists in the last few years.
But many other species are rare or endangered and are also in need of such comprehensive study. To that end, the San Diego Zoo’s Office of Giant Panda Conservation has recently begun to take a multispecies approach to bear research. We are studying several different species of bears in order to better understand the range of behavior and biology in the bear family. Thus far, our comparative work has focused on two of the three bear subfamilies: Ailuropodinae (the giant panda) and Ursinae (including the sun, polar, American black, and brown bears).
In February 2004, the San Diego Zoo was fortunate enough to be the first zoo in North America to which a Bornean sun bear was born (pictured here). These endangered animals are among the least studied of the bear species, and are at tremendous risk of extinction. The fact that we were able to realize a birth here was a significant event for the Bornean sun bears, in that captive reproduction in this species had so far been elusive.
The birth of a sun bear cub allows us to compare the maternal skills of the sun bear with those of the giant panda. What we have learned to date, though preliminary, is very interesting. The sun bear appears to be a very attentive mother, much like the panda but unlike other bear species we have studied in this context. Since sun bears do not hibernate as do the black or brown bears, they are more active participants in the early days of nurturing their cubs. We hope to learn more with future births of these rare animals, and are expanding our studies to include time periods outside of the postpartum window.
I’ll provide you with updates as to the progress of the study with the Bornean sun bear from time to time. I hope you find this information of interest, and useful in helping you to develop a more complete picture of the bear family as a whole.
Suzanne Hall is the panda research technician for the San Diego Zoo’s Office of Giant Panda Conservation.
See video of our sun bear cub, Danum, in our video page’s ” Babies” section (dated July 9, 2004).
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January 16th, 2006 at 7:52 am
Thank you, Suzanne, for yet another very interesting update. How many sun bears do you have at SDZ? Was the cub birth a product of a natural mating, or from artificial insemination? Aren’t pandas more closely related to sun bears (than to the other bear species–polar, American, Brown, & Grizzly)? It is quite wonderful that you are helping the sun bears also with your expert knowledge! We need to use the knowledge we have to help all the animals.
January 16th, 2006 at 7:54 am
Well done. Interesting commentary. Do you folks compare notes with your opposite numbers in D.C.? One has the sense, watching the two cubs, born fairly close in time, that yours is ” all girl” and theirs is ” all boy” (I know, anthropomorphizing — but one has the sense that this is not as great a problem as some would have it), and it is great fun to compare the two as they grow and change, in such different environments and with what seem to be very different mama-personalities supervising them.
January 16th, 2006 at 8:42 am
Hi Suzanne. Thanks for the update on the sun bear. Are there any webcams in their enclosures, so we can see them also? I enjoy checking all the webcams but the best is the PANDA CAM. Su Lin is cute and fun to watch.
January 16th, 2006 at 8:57 am
Thank you for this information. I am always happy when I check and find more commentary from staff. I congratulate you on your work, and I hope that the little sun bear does well.
January 16th, 2006 at 9:47 am
I went to look for the sun bear, and found the video! What a little cutie Danum is! Thank you for the information. How exciting that the Panda Station is helping all bears.
January 16th, 2006 at 10:09 am
Suzanne, thank you for this interesting information. Sun bears are one of our favorites when we visit our local zoo. It would be wonderful to see a baby sun bear. Congratulations on your success.
I also feel giant panda research will benefit my favorite animal, the red panda, since they often share the same habitat and bamboo as their primary food source. Preserving and enlarging the giant pandas’ habitat in China will help save two endangered species who are among the most adorable in the world.
January 16th, 2006 at 10:26 am
We get so caught up in watching our panda cubs that we forget about the big picture of all animals which are endangered! Thank you for the updates – they are very informative and interesting. Will we be getting any new footage (video) and/or pictures in the slide show soon of the January 4th exam (or more recent exams?) Thanks again!
January 16th, 2006 at 11:20 am
SDZ, thank you so much for providing the public with information about the zoo’s ongoing research. Just last week I read an article on the internet from the People’s Daily Online about a new subspecies of pandas. I find this news to be absolutely fascinating.
January 16th, 2006 at 12:56 pm
I find the work you do amazing and I have a great deal of respect for all involved. I know that the San Diego Zoo is always working to help endangered species and I give all a standing ovation for the work and time you spend.
January 16th, 2006 at 2:44 pm
Kari, I saw that too on the subspecies, the Qinling panda. Very interesting indeed! I have not been able to find out much on them at all yet.
January 16th, 2006 at 6:18 pm
I visited the zoo again yesterday. I just love visiting Bornean sun bears either on the way to or from the panda station. They are soooo cute. I call them Pooh bears.
Thank you very much for fixing the postcard glitches. If I could make a request on panda cam, I’d like to see the boys a little more. Mei Sheng, especially, is so entertaining to watch; I’d like to see him as much as I can.
January 16th, 2006 at 6:32 pm
Thank you, Suzanne, for your information about the research on the related bears. I know the SDZ is doing marvelous work in many areas of research and conservation, thanks to CRES, but didn’t know about the studies on bears. When I was at the zoo a couple of days ago, I went to the Sun Bear exhibit, but Danum has gotten so big I was unsure which bear he was! Thanks also for reminding us all of the marvelous videos available. It was wonderful seeing Danum following his mom around the exhibit, learning about this strange new world.
January 17th, 2006 at 12:28 am
It is midnight and we are having a repeat of last night (see my post on previous blog) Su Lin has been sleeping so high up in the tree that you can only see her little tush some of the time. Tonight Bai Yun stayed outside and kept an eye on her while she played and then slept. She decided at 11:50PM that Su Lin had enough time that high up and had a little tussle with her and pulled her down to the lower branches that Su used to nap on. It is 17 minutes after midnight now and Bai Yun is nursing her and cuddling her on their old sleeping branch. It will be interesting to see if she makes Su Lin get down out of the tree again. Someone has come out 2 times now and shone the flashlight in the trees to check on Su Lin to make sure she is OK so high up in the tree and that makes me feel better about Su Lin. We are so used to seeing her sleeping inside in a safe spot that we forget that it is natural for them to be in the trees sleeping! It is so different watching Tai Shan late at night sleeping on his rock piles inside his exhibit areas and snuggling up to his mommy or playing near her while she sleeps.
January 17th, 2006 at 8:23 am
Thank you again, Suzanne! Everything you tell us is very interesting and gratefully read! We have learned so much from you and always look forward to learning more! Sun Bear Forest is one of my favorite habitats to visit whenever I am at the Zoo. I do have to admit though that all of the habitats in their uniqueness and diversity are on my lists of favorites to see when I am there. It is wonderful to learn of your sucess with this extremely endangered little bear and again everyone involved with the care and study and devotion to each of these creatures has brought all of us hope for a future for all creatures be they large or be they small. The video was delightful and showed again how vigorous and healthy these babies are–again thanks to their diligent keepers and all involved. Thank you to all of you who bring us joy and hope! Luv to All, Judy J
January 17th, 2006 at 9:43 am
Hi. Suzanne or one of the other researchers, I have a question. How do the pandas at the SDZ and NZ differ from Qingling pandas? They look the same to me; or does it have to do with their genes?
January 17th, 2006 at 11:09 am
#13, Karen: I couldn’t sleep here in the East and saw exactly what you did. At first, I wasn’t sure of what I was seeing because it seemed so dark, but both bears were awake and moving, and I eventually realized their white markings weren’t light reflections! I know our zoos work so hard to replicate conditions in the wild, and Su Lin’s instinct to seek refuge, protection, and rest in trees comes from the best possible instinct to safeguard the species. However, as one who’s used to seeing both cubbies ” tucked in” safely inside for the evening, I can’t help wonder if Suzanne and the others are a bit worried about her being out there all night! It must be so hard being a zoologist or keeper, wanting both to protect the little one, yet also to nurture his/her instincts from the wild. What a balancing act!
Suzanne, could you perhaps tell us more about how you all ” balance” the opposing sides in issues like this? Does the zoo as a rule ” allow” animals to be out for the night? Is it Security that is checking in on the bears with flashlights? Does this make the panda staff as anxious as it seems to make us all out here in Panda-Cam-Land?!
January 17th, 2006 at 1:39 pm
Karen, #13, Thanks for the description of what’s going on at night. I didn’t realize that Bai Yun brought her lower down in the tree until you mentioned it. I’m glad to know that mom is cuddling and the ” flashlight crew” is keeping track of our little adventurer in the treetops.
January 17th, 2006 at 2:25 pm
Regarding the pandas being out at night — I know that there are security fences around the entire zoo, and since the zoo is in a canyon, the natural setting is somewhat of a difficult area to get to. I’ve often wondered though if there are electronic monitors on the fences – alarms, cameras, etc. I’m sure you wouldn’t allow animals out at night unless they were protected in some way.
I saw the video of little Danum at the Zoo. He’s so cute! Was he born as underdeveloped as a panda is, or did he have fur, etc. at birth? He seems very active, and he sure can run!
January 17th, 2006 at 5:28 pm
I love the view of Bai Yun as she sits with her back to the camera munching away on her bamboo! She looks so cute! Those ears sit on her snow white head like she’s wearing a Mickey Mouse ear hat! The camera isn’t zoomed in so the whole exhibit is captured and there’s Miss Bai Yun, sitting with her back resting against a rock, bamboo strewn all around her
I love these wonderful bears more and more each day! I watch them when I am at work and when I get home in the evening, my computer is on and two windows are constantly open – one for SDZ and one to look in on Tai Shan:) I check in with Atlanta and Memphis but they have the cameras shut down by 5pm Eastern time.
Thank you SDZ staff for doing such a wonderful job caring for all the animals! Especially for giving us Panda lovers live images of our beloved bears!
January 17th, 2006 at 6:50 pm
#18 Thanks, Betty! I’ve never been to San Diego (alas!), so I didn’t know about the natural security provided by the canyon. I don’t know if Bai Yun feels better with this news, but at least I do!
January 18th, 2006 at 12:12 am
It is midnight and I wonder if our little sweatheart is high up in the trees again. The camera has been focused onto Bai Yun’s favourite feeding spot on the ground since about 5PM. Either Su Lin is high up in the trees again and making Bai Yun worry or else she is being a good little girl and is sound asleep in her bed! I last saw her on the time lapse around 7PM at Bai Yun’s feeding spot but I don’t think she is outside tonight as Bai Yun has not been to her big bamboo feeding station tonight. Su Lin must have been making Suzanne and the rest of her staff as well as the night watch and all of us watching at home so nervous at night that mommy and baby are in for the night. She is probably putting up a fuss about not being allowed to go out and play after dark. If only she knew how she can make us have our hearts jump, hold our breath and talk to our monitors just by moving her little tush a tiny bit when she is squirming on her ledge and is half asleep!! I don’t worry about Tai Shan half as much now that Su Lin is such a dare-devil.
January 18th, 2006 at 7:56 am
Just wanted to send a huge thank you to all of you for the tremendous and vital work you are doing! Please let us know more about the Sun Bears. I remember seeing a pair at San Francisco Zoo many, many years ago when I was a young girl. You have my deepest gratitude and admiration! P.S. Reports on our beloved Hua Mei are always welcome!!
January 18th, 2006 at 8:04 am
I’ve just been watching panda cam C4; there are some very interesting animals in the exhibit today. They appear to be homo sapians
one has a great enrichment object, could it be a camera!
January 18th, 2006 at 8:36 am
Why are we not getting weekly videos of the exams???
Editor’s note: As our panda cub continues to grow, she is becoming more independent and the opportunity to schedule weekly health exams has diminished. We will post video and new photos whenever possible. Thank you.
January 18th, 2006 at 9:52 am
Suzanne, thank you for the info and reference to the ” babies” video about the Sun Bear cub. Such a fierce photo of the cub. Do they have scrappy dispositions, or was he just being feisty for the camera?
January 18th, 2006 at 10:39 am
The boys! I thought Gao Gao was going to be on the exhibit this week. Is the switching bears research over? I saw Mei Sheng on C1 first, now I see Gao Gao munching in Club Bear. Gao Gao makes bamboo leaves and stalks taste really good, but I have to remind myself that I can only have bamboo shoots. Each panda seems to have different eating styles, just like us. Bai Yun is an elegant and neat eater. Gao Gao seems like a true food lover, savoring every single bite. Mei Sheng eats like a human kid.
January 18th, 2006 at 10:40 am
I got to watch a lot of Mei Sheng this morning
thank you very much!
January 18th, 2006 at 11:10 am
When watching the sun bear video, I was fascinated by the way the mother (seems I was told her name is Marcella – is that right?) picks up her baby under the armpits and carries him around while walking upright on her hind feet. I’ve never seen the pandas walk upright, even though they stand that way at times, usually supported. I wish you had a video cam in the sun bear exhibit. They’re interesting to watch.
January 18th, 2006 at 11:12 am
I too was worried about Su not being able to come down from the tree a few nights ago as she was trying so hard. Once she was hanging by her 2 front paws for a long time but too scared to drop her back legs down to the ground. I was not kidding when I said that my life is not going to be the same since these 2 amazing creatures were born…
January 18th, 2006 at 12:33 pm
12:30 p.m. Mei Sheng, the little scamp, climbed up in a tree so high that he was out of camera range. The person behind the camera could not find him. Of course we cannot see him either.
January 18th, 2006 at 4:37 pm
Wow, the camera has a close up shot of darling Su Lin and she’s so much bigger now! Thank you SDZ staff for having the postcard feature on the Panda Cam. I have a lot of her photos saved so I can go back to have a look and compare:) I remember the days when she barely started to walk and now look at her! she’s sleeping up in the tree like a big girl Panda!
I am also very happy that the Panda Cam got up close to Mei Sheng today as he was sleeping up in that tree groove:) He’s such a cutie! Got lots of postcard shots of Mei Sheng today to last me until the next time the Panda Cam is on him again:) Thank you! Thank you very much SDZ Staff:)
Wishing everyone a great evening!
January 18th, 2006 at 4:50 pm
comment 19 : I too enjoy very much watching Bai Yun having her dinner around 17:00 (SD time). It’s dark and quiet (I assume so), zoo visitors are gone, her ” work day” is over, Su Lin is in bed (or not !!!) and Bai Yun has her dinner in her garden. I used to think that she sits with her back to us because she is no more on exhibit but she is in her private home. And her ears always remind me of a crown she is wearing ! Just an interpretation…
January 18th, 2006 at 4:51 pm
How come baby pandas can sleep up in the trees without falling?? Could you please put a mattress below just in case? =)
January 18th, 2006 at 5:37 pm
Thanks to the camera operators for the great close-ups today. It’s nice to be able to really see the beautiful faces of ” our” pandas at close range. At one point I noticed Su Lin was way up in a tree and the camera was searching for her. I wondered what Mama was going to do about it, but Su Lin must have come down safely because the next time I tuned in, she was asleep among the branches of a tree that looked like a lower, but uncomfortable, nap spot. How do they fall asleep in such a hard, cramped places?!
January 18th, 2006 at 6:21 pm
Thanks…I do find this all very interesting!!!
January 18th, 2006 at 8:46 pm
I love checking in on both our babies on a daily basis. It is such a joy to watch the videos of Su and check the cam of Tai to see what he’s into. I had the pleasure of seeing Tai on Jan. 1 . What a way to start the year! He climbed up his mountain and fell behind a wall – and what a reaction the crowd had! People ran to the panda cam on display to see if he was ok. He is so loved here! Thanks so much to both SD and NZ for all their hard work.
January 19th, 2006 at 5:57 am
Did anyone else see Su Lin eating a chunk of hard-wood bamboo last night?! If so, what a milestone! I agree that she not only looks much bigger, she just doesn’t look like a baby any more! Her climbing skills are terriffic, and now the bamboo! Did she go inside last night? All I saw on the camera seemed to be grass and foliage.
I just watched a delightful 15-minute play session with Tai and Mei Xiang–and had a sudden realization. I’ve always known that Bai is 7 years older than Mei, but it just hit me that Mei is only one year older than Hua Mei and could easily be Bai’s daughter! Mei’s still a big kid herself! No wonder she’s so very playful! LOL I didn’t have my daughter until I was 35, so I can relate to feeling different than all of the younger moms!
I just love that we have two cubs to watch! Just as the differences between them show the researchers a lot about development, they show us that pandas are just like humans with their variations in personality, physical develpment, instinct, and then too the influences of their environments. We are SO lucky!
January 19th, 2006 at 10:23 am
It’s great to read about the Sun Bear, as I remember seeing a TV documentary in which several different species of bear were filmed in their natural habitats, using cameras disguised as rocks, and a comparison was made. The Sun Bear seemed to be an exceptionally loving mother; when her cub fell from a branch she bustled over, carried him into the den and sat cuddling him for all the world like a human mother. Without wanting to anthropomorphise them, the little sun bear did seem to enjoy the attention!
In the same programme there was a wild panda – boy, could you see the difference between him and the captive pandas. His every waking hour was spent searching for his next meal and he looked dirty and dispirited. There was none of the exuberant play and silliness we all enjoy so much from ‘our’ pandas – this poor boy just couldn’t spare the valuable energy. For me, there is no doubt that, for the forseeable future, the captive pandas have a vastly better quality of life than their wild cousins – I just wanted to give this boy a pile of bamboo and some leafeater biscuits, plus a toy to try and awaken his curiosity! It’s so wonderful to see Bai, Mei, the babies and the boys living in panda paradise; give them enough bamboo and these peaceful souls are happy to entertain themselves. Ahhh, sheer contentment….
January 19th, 2006 at 11:29 am
I’m being treated to an embarrassment of riches! My beloved Gao Gao is on cam in full close up, sleeping, and Tai Shan is desperately trying to get a fruitcicle away from Mei Xiang here in the East! Those wonderful cubbies make days so wonderful!
January 19th, 2006 at 11:43 am
Hello, I’m just wondering if you’ve stopped filming Su Lin’s exams. I noticed that you haven’t posted a new video in a few weeks. I’m far away (in Boston), so I can’t come see her in person, and I look forward to the up-close and personal glimpses of her that the exams allow. Thanks and keep up all the good work!
Editor’s note: As our panda cub continues to grow, she is becoming more independent and the opportunity to schedule weekly health exams has diminished. We will post video and new photos whenever possible. Thank you.
January 19th, 2006 at 1:32 pm
I am very concerned about how they plan to introduce zoo-born pandas into the wild, as they have become so domesticated. They are being separated from other pandas, including their own kin, protected from potential predators, given vaccinations, fed ” fruitsicles” and leaf eater biscuits and have become somewhat comfortable around humans. Someone please put my mind at ease!
January 19th, 2006 at 3:33 pm
Mei Sheng is now munching away on his bamboo. He looks so happy! With a broad smile on his chubby face! Always!
January 19th, 2006 at 4:01 pm
I am just curious: The staff and vets at SDZ give Su Lin a weekly medical exam most likely because she is a growing, developing cub. How often does Bai Yun get hers, especially when she is nursing a cub herself? How about Gao Gao and Mei Sheng?
January 19th, 2006 at 6:06 pm
At exactly 17:24:17 today (1/19/06 – SDZ time), I felt very privileged to watch Su Lin make her descent from her favorite spot in the tall trees all the way down to the top of the outdoor exhibit den. I first discovered the wonders of the SDZ’s panda cam a few months ago when Su Lin got her name after the traditional 100 days. As time passed, I realized I could not keep up this ” obsession” and accomplish anything else in my life. While I have tried to limit my panda cam time, I always keep up with the interesting and informative comments from the SDZ staff and, of course, all the blogs from people around the world. These pandas (both SDZ and National Z) have truly made people ” come together” in their love for animals. Also, my fellow bloggers ask some very interesting questions. When I do make time to watch the panda cam, of course I am always amazed by how much our dear little Su Lin, who used to sleep all the time and who we wished would maybe do something ” interesting,” is now so grownup, so beautiful, so graceful….and, I forgot the most important asset….so SMART!!!!
As I watched her make her way down the trees, I could just visualize her thinking her way through things…” Now which branch would the safest? How should I go down? Front paws first or back?” As she was making this well-thought-out journey, I was doing the nauseating task of paying bills. Every so often I would look up at the panda cam to see where she was. I finally had to push the bills aside and literally talk out loud to the computer screen as I watched her make each decision of her descent. When she finally arrived safely on top of her outside exhibit den, she seemed to collapse for a little bit… exhausted from her trek. But, despite Su Lin’s bravery and ” climbing/going-down Mt. Everest” smarts, perhaps the best part of all was what I saw toward the end of her downward journey: Her fat, sassy, loveable, adoring mommy totally ignoring her daughter’s accomplishment… instead mommy was contentedly munching on bamboo. A sight I won’t soon forget. GREAT camera work! You all hear it everyday, but I will say it again: Thank you for all you do for these awesome creatures.
January 19th, 2006 at 8:12 pm
After carefully observing these guys, I am starting to notice a strong resemblance of features between Mei Sheng and big stud Gao Gao. Hua Mei and Su Lin have features like their mother; Mei Sheng is starting to look like Gao Gao. How cute is this!? I am loving this family tree!! Look at gorgeous Gao Gao’s face, with its roundness and the ears. Then look at Hua Mei and Su Lin with their slanted eye spots that resemble Bai Yun’s. Maybe it’s just me, but I am seeing daughters looking like Mommas and sons looking like Papas…
January 19th, 2006 at 9:06 pm
Hi, Thank you for the opportunity to watch these wonderful Pandas. I make it a part of my morning. My husband thinks that at times it appears that Bai Yun is a bit rough with Su Lin. I see their relationship as pure joy. Who’s right.
January 20th, 2006 at 9:09 am
Comment#45: I see the family resemblance too!
Though I think Mei Sheng is a sweet combination of Bai Yun and Gao Gao. Our handsome boy has Gao Gao’s adorable big round face, and Bai Yun’s ” standing up on her head” ears. I was watching the time lapse from Jan. 19, and at one point (3pm-ish Eastern Time, 12pm-ish San Diego time)…Mei Sheng paused and looked up from his bamboo munch. His face looked so sweet and round! Made me coo senselessly at the monitor – he’s still my big baby. 
January 20th, 2006 at 1:28 pm
#45 (Kathryn): I absolutely agree with you! We love Gao Gao and love to see his big, friendly face in Mei Sheng! We’re from the East and have never been fortunate enough to be there in person to see the boys. The only two characteristics of Bai’s that we see in Mei Sheng are his black band that narrows in the middle and fact that his ears are more on top of his head–and we are SO thankful for these two slight differences between the boys! Since we’ve never seen them in person–and they don’t get much cam time–Mei Sheng’s upright ears and back band serve to indicate to us which boy is which!! Both seem like such sweet, loveable bears!
January 21st, 2006 at 2:34 pm
I’ve just been enjoying watching Bai Yun sitting amid her piles of bamboo, snacking on the leaves she so seems to prefer these days. For a while, I thought I was also watching Su Lin in the tree branches, thinking how well her black and white coloring was providing camouflage. After a few minutes, I foolishly realized that I had been ogling leaves and dappled sunlight. Since I couldn’t see Su in real time, I went to watch her on a video from Dec. 8, with Bai gently carrying her around the outdoor exhibit with ease. Now our tiny baby, in 6 weeks, has become a big girl panda, with an amply ” ploosh toosh” , who ably climbs trees and travels everywhere independently, whether Mom likes it or not. It’s comforting to see them when they are sitting side by side in the piles of bamboo, one eating steadily and the other, smaller version of her, mimicking the behaviors which will soon provide her real nourishment. I also love seeing them cuddle together, sleeping in the bedroom loft, although these occasions are sadly becoming fewer. My days, as for so many of you, are made brighter by these beautiful animals. As always, thanks to all the SDZ staff for their fantastic work in keeping our pandas (and panda viewers) content.
January 22nd, 2006 at 8:54 am
It’s Sunday about noon here in the East, and we’ve been treated to the best view of Su Lin we’ve ever seen! She’s up in her branches, and the wonderful videographer has closest close-up of her! We can see her expressions, her markings, and the adorable way she’s turning all around to figure out which way to move next! Kudos to Su Lin and the cameraperson for this incredible treat!
January 22nd, 2006 at 7:47 pm
I’ve been missing Su Lin alot since she’s always in the tree. It’s nice to see her down on the ground and cuddling with mommy. It makes me feel safe and at ease. I keep worrying that she might fall down and wonder how she can sleep on a tree without rolling around. There is such a difference between Tai and Su. Tai likes to chase after his mom and climb on her like a playground. I wonder if you compare notes with DC zoo on your research?
January 28th, 2006 at 4:40 am
I wish there was a bear cam on the sun bears too!
Thanks for the information on the cub. I have followed him since he was born.
February 1st, 2006 at 10:06 am
Boy, that Bornean sun bear cub was so darn ugly!