Bamboo Feeding Basics

Where's that bamboo?

Recently, one of our readers asked us how much bamboo Yun Zi is eating at this point. At nearly a year of age, our littlest panda is beginning to use this foodstuff as a source of daily calories. Although this is a recent development for him, he has been engaged with bamboo for many months.

Our research on Bai Yun’s first three cubs has shown that investigation of, and play with, bamboo begins as young as four months (see graph below). The cubs will sniff, paw, and mouth the plant as they explore their environment. They even sit down and mimic their mother, practicing chewing and grasping the leaves in little rolls. All of this practice becomes important later on, as good food-handling skills can increase the efficiency with which a bear can process bamboo. That’s important, considering that the plant is not nutrient dense; pandas must ingest a lot each day to meet their caloric needs.

The need to develop good food handling skills is only part of the reason that panda cubs don’t routinely ingest bamboo at a young age. The other reason is hardware; or rather, lack thereof. Young pandas simply do not have the appropriate teeth for grinding and processing bamboo. These teeth erupt late in the first year, making it possible for the bear cubs to begin extracting nutrition from the plant.

Once bamboo feeding begins in earnest, there is a lengthy period of mixed feeding that follows. During this time, the cub is ingesting both milk and bamboo. The weaning window at about 18 months corresponds with the time when a cub is fully capable of meeting his or her nutritional needs without milk. However, we have seen with our recently weaned cubs that they typically spend more time feeding on bamboo than our adults do. This indicates that the cubs still haven’t developed adult-level proficiency in processing the food quickly at that age. It appears to take another six months or so before their feeding time is comparable to that of an adult.

Suzanne Hall is a senior research technician for the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research.

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